Scrapes and bumps are all a piece of life as a child. With most children, a erratic kick in a soccer game, or a tumble off of a bike means just a heal scab or a temporary bruise. But for some children with hemophilia, the traumas of a child are a reason for concern.

Hemophilia is a very rare disorder of bleeding that stops blood from properly clotting. Approximately one in every 5000 boys is born with hemophilia. Girls are rarely affected by this mainly genetic condition as it is linked to gender.

The blood in humans contains proteins that are special and are called clotting factors. Clotting factors aid in stopping bleeding and also allow the blood vessel to repair after a trauma. The very last step in the process of clotting (called coagulation) is the development of a “net” which closes the blood vessel which is torn and thus stops the bleeding.

When babies with hemophilia start cruising and crawling, the parents will see raised bruises on the chest, buttocks, back and stomach. Often since these bruises appear in unlikely areas, parents start to be suspected of abuse of a child before the child is actually diagnosed with hemophilia.

Most babies may be fussy and may not walk, crawl or reach for a cup. Other symptoms include:

• Excessive bleeding from a bite on the lips or tongue
• Prolonged nosebleeds
• Excessive bleeding after a tooth extraction
• Blood in urine
• Excessive bleeding after surgery

The common bleeding in those with hemophilia involves joints and muscles. A child with hemophilia will decline to move the muscle or affected joint because of swelling and pain. Recurring bleeding of the joint often can lead to damage which is chronic.

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Lesch-Nyhan syndrome develops because of the buildup and over-production of uric acid that is a waste product found normally in urine and blood. This over-production of uric acid may be the reason for bladder stones, kidney stones, as well as gouty arthritis which is a form of arthritis developed because of the buildup in the joints of uric acid. This disorder also has characteristic problems with behavior and also problems with the nervous system.

Individuals with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome normally are unable to walk, are usually wheelchair-bound and need assistance just sitting. A behavior problem that is distinctive with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome are head banging.

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a disorder which is inherited and affects the way the body breaks down and builds purine which is a normal portion of human tissue and aid in the body’s genetic blueprint. Purines are as well found in different foods.

With children the excess uric acid causes gout-like swelling to occur in some joints. Males with Lesch-Nyhan can have motor development which is delayed and is followed by sinuous movements as well as increased deep tendon reflexes. One of the features of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome which is striking is the self-destructive habits of chewing off lips and fingertips usually when not held down. It is not known how the deficiency of an enzyme can cause such problems.

Physical exams will show:

• Spasticity
• Over exaggerated reflexes

Urine and blood test will reveal the high levels of uric acid. A biopsy of the skin can show levels that are decreased in the HGP enzyme.

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Meningitis is when the meninges which are the membranes covering the spinal cord and the brain, become inflamed. It’s normally caused either by viruses or bacteria but can also develop because of other illnesses or certain drugs.

Meningitis caused by bacteria is extremely rare, and is normally very serious and life threatening if it is nor treated quickly. Meningitis caused by a virus is far less serious and fairly common.

Some of the viruses and bacteria that are the causes of meningitis are typically connected with other illnesses which are routine and fairly well known. Viruses and bacteria that can infect the skin, respiratory tract, urinary system, or gastrointestinal tract often can widen thru the blood system to the meninges thru cerebrospinal fluid which is the fluid that circulates in and round the spinal column.

In several cases of bacterial meningitis, the bacteria can reach to the meninges because of a rigorous head injury or a harsh infection that is local, such as a serious nasal or sinus infection or an infection of the ear.

The first symptoms to appear of viral or bacterial meningitis can start quickly or appear a few days after a child has developed a runny nose, or cold, vomiting and diarrhea or other symptoms of an infection. Some common signs include:

• Lethargy or decreased consciousness
• Fever
• Headache
• Skin rashes
• Irritability
• Photophobia or eyes which are sensitive to light
• Seizures
• Stiff neck

Other signs of meningitis in an infant may include:

• Fever or lower than normal temperature
• Stiffness of the neck and body known as neck rigidity
• Jaundice which is a yellowish tint to the skin
• Weak suck
• Poor feeding
• Bulging fontanelles which is the soft spot at the top and front of the baby’s skull
• A high-pitched cry

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Ingrown toenails occur when an individual trims the nails of the toe very short. This especially is true with the big toes, when the sides are too short. When an individual trims the toenails, they often with the corners taper them so the nails curve along the shape of the toe. But doing this only promotes the nail of the toe to grow into the skin of the toe. With the nail, the sides curve down and after digging into the skin start growing into it. This can also happen when an individual wears shoes which are too short or tight.

The first signs of an ingrown nail of the toe are that it gets hard, tender and swollen. After that, it can become infected and red and hurts or is very sore. Toenails which become ingrown are a painful and common condition – especially with adolescents. Even though any of the nails of the toes can develop into ingrown nails, it usually happens with the big toes. This condition develops when the skin on either or both sides of the nail grows under the edge of the nail, or the nail grows into the skin. Swelling, pain and redness begins at the corner of the nail and an infection can soon follow. Often there is also a small quantity of pus which can begin oozing from the area.

This condition of ingrown nails can occur for a lot of reasons. There are cases which are even congenital – the toenail is too big for the toe. It also can occur because of trauma to the toe or foot, such as the toe being stepped on or stubbing the toe. But as stated above the more common reason for ingrown toenails are shoes that are too tight or the improper trimming and grooming of the toenail.

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Chickenpox or varicella is a disease of childhood which was once considered a disease that every child and family would go thru. This was before routine chickenpox vaccinations. Now today, the number of cases is dramatically down.

But, whenever chickenpox does occasionally occur, it is greatly contagious among individuals who have no immunity. For most chickenpox is a mild disease but there are some who develop severe cases.

The vaccine for chickenpox is an effective, safe way to avert chickenpox and possible complications. Symptoms and signs of chickenpox include:

• Small, blisters liquid-filled that break open and crust over
• Red, rash which is itchy, originally similar to bites from insects on face, scalp, back and chest
• Fever
• Mild headache
• Pain in the abdominal area or appetite loss
• Overall feeling of discomfort and unease or irritability
• Dry cough

Chickenpox rashes go thru three phases:

• Red or pink bumps or papules, which erupt in various locations over a number of days.
• Blisters which are fluid-filled (vesicles) and form from bumps which are raised about 1 day before leaking and breaking.
• Scabs and crusts which cover up the blisters when broken and take a few extra days to mend.

Bumps which are new continue to develop for some days. Because of this, you can have 3 stages of the rash – “bumps, blisters and scabbed lesions” – at the identical time on the 2nd day of rash. As soon as infected, the virus can spread for 48 hours prior to the rash emerging and remain so pending all spots crusting over.

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Individuals may go for many months with symptoms of digestion and not realize they can be linked to gallbladder problems. This is because these symptoms are linked with so many other symptoms of digestive problems. Constipation is probably the more commonly one that is missed.

The below list has symptoms which can be linked to the gallbladder but remember that it can be another condition or disease.

The first 4 on the list are the more pinpointing of gallbladder attacks or issues. One does not need to have very many of the symptoms and especially not all of them to be having gallbladder troubles but the additional symptoms on the list, the more this can confirm that the involvement of the gallbladder. Remember it is prudent to consult with your primary care physician for a certain diagnosis. Signs of an attack of the gallbladder are listed below.

• Pain between blades of the shoulder
• Tenderness or pain on the right side under the rib cage
• Stools are chalky or light colored
• Indigestion after eating fatty or greasy foods
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Headache over eyes, especially right
• Gas
• Bloating
• Belching or burping
• Diarrhea or alternating from watery to soft
• Constipation
• Feeling of fullness or food not digested
• Bitter fluid comes up after eating

Symptoms of attacks with the gallbladder mostly originate by stones in the gallbladder. One of these stones can obstruct the gallbladder at its neck or get jammed in the bile duct and stop the bile flow or cause the bile to back up. Stones can be present for years, never causing any signs of symptoms at all.

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Tooth Abscess occurs when there is a gathering of pus caused by an infection which is bacterial in nature in the part of the inner tooth. These abscesses normally occur because of a dental cavity which goes untreated, or there is a chip or crack in the tooth which lets bacteria into the inner area of the tooth.

An abscess in the tooth normally occurs when bacteria assaults the soft, innermost part of the tooth known as the dental pulp where the blood vessels, connective tissue and nerves are located.

The infections spread all the way to the root and cause inflammation and swelling. Because the space is so tight that this inflammation and swelling forces pus into a pocket at the tip of the root.

Tooth abscess treatment entails draining the abscess and eradication of the infection in the effected area. The tooth can itself be saved usually with a treatment known as a root canal but there are many instances where it is necessary to be pulled. An abscess in a tooth which is left untreated will lead to severe, as well as life-threatening difficulties.

Abscess in the teeth can be prevented by proper dental hygiene, regular dental checkups as well as eating a diet which is healthy.

Symptoms and signs of an abscess of the tooth include:

• Sensitivity to cold and hot temperature
• Severe, throbbing toothache which is persistent.
• Sensitivity to the pressure of biting or chewing.
• Swelling in cheek or face.
• Fever
• Sudden rush of foul-tasting as well as foul-smelling in the mouth and pain stopping when the abscess ruptures.
• Tender and swollen lymph nodes in neck or under jaw.

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Cold sores which are also known as fever blisters are small blisters in groups that develop around the mouth as well as the lips. Skin surround these blisters are often sore, red and swollen. These blisters can often break open, ooze a fluid which is clear and then form a scab. Normally they heal after a few days to a couple of weeks.

These cold sores are caused by herpes simplex virus. Actually there are 2 kinds of herpes simplex virus and both cause mouth and lip sores as well as genital herpes.

Herpes simplex virus normally invades the body thru a skin break inside or around the mouth. It usually spreads if individual contacts infected fluid or a cold sore by kissing someone who is infected or coming in contact with that individual’s saliva. If a parent has a cold sore it can often spread to her or his child. These cold sores also can be spread to additional body areas.

Symptoms of cold sores

• Painful, fluid-filled small blisters on a red, raised area of skin, normally around the mouth.
• Tingling or pain known as prodrome that often comes first 1 to 2 days before the blisters.
• Normally lasts for ten to fourteen days.

Cold sores mostly develop on the lips but occasionally they can develop on fingers, chin or the nasal nostrils. And, although unusual, they have been known to develop in the mouth – often on the roof of the mouth or gums. If the sores develop on soft tissues inside the mouth such as inside the cheek or underneath the tongue they actually may be canker sores instead of cold sores.

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Erythema Nodosum is a kind of inflammation of the skin usually situated in a definite part of the layer of fat of the skin. Erythema Nodosum which is also known as EN causes reddish, tender, painful lumps commonly situated below the knees on the legs in the front. These tender nodules or lumps of Erythema Nodosum can vary in size from 1 cm to 5 cm. This swelling of nodules develops because of a unique inflammation pattern in the skins fatty layer.

Erythema Nodosum has several outcome scenarios. Normally these regions of nodules which are tender can range in dimensions from approximately a dime to a quarter and may be inflamed and tender on and off for several weeks. They will resolve unexpectedly as every one of these inflamed areas shrink and become flat instead of inflamed and raised. They will leave an appearance of a bruise. Then they go away totally. Other nodules may often pop up in other areas. This can occur for several weeks to even months and finally go away. But, Erythema Nodosum which is chronic is another type that can last for several years. This chronic Erythema Nodosum with the alternating occurrences will occur whether or not there is any core disease being present.

Erythema Nodosum can happen as a secluded condition or can also be linked with other circumstances. These conditions can include drugs such as sulfa-related medications, estrogens, birth control pills, or conditions such as strep throat, infectious mononucleosis, Cat scratch disease, fungal diseases, Behcet’s disease, sarcoidosis, inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease as well as in normal pregnancy.

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Keloid Scars are scars which abnormally grow further than the border of the unique location of an injury of the skin. They are normally raised and often poorly defined skin growth in the location of the injured skin. Almost anyone can have a Keloid Scar form but there are some ethnic groups which are at a greater risk for having them occur. African-Americans and Hispanics are approximately 16% more apt for developing these scars. They are also 15 times more often seen in ethnic groups which are highly pigmented rather than Caucasians.

A Keloid is a heaped-up, touch scar which rises usually abruptly above the rest of the skin. They are dome-shaped and shiny and range in color from red to pink. Some Keloids can become very large and unattractive. Also besides the cosmetic problems, these scars can be very itchy, painful to the touch as well as very tender. They are shaped irregularly and are inclined to progressively enlarge. Unlike a normal scar, keloids do not go away over time.

Keloid Scars are not understood fully as to why or how they happen. Trauma of the skin seems to be the most common factor but they can form and have no apparent cause. Muscle tension with the skin seems to contribute to their formation and this is seen by the more common sites where they form such as the upper arm as well as the back. Now if this were the total story you might expect that they would appear on other sites such as palms of the hand or the bottom of the feet as they are just as exposed, but that is not the case. Other factors can be repeated trauma to the exact area, infection at wound site, foreign body in the wound, are skin tension in the wound.

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